![]() So backshift is not necessary if there is a time expression indicating past. Beispiel: ∼anberra is the capital of Australia. She said that Canberra is / was the capital of Australia.īackshift of Simple Past and Past Progressive is optional if they cannot be mistakenly taken for backshift of Present Tense. The basic rules for backshift when transforming direct speech into reported speech are: Direct Speechīackshift of Simple Present is optional if the situation is still unchanged or if you agree with the original speaker. Future I going to (He is going to say …).In the following table you can see, for which tense of the introductory clause you have to use backshift in reported speech. ![]() The introductory clause can also be in another tense. Example: I am fine. – Tom says / writes that he is fine. during a phone call or while reading a letter. Present Tense is often used to report a conversation that is still going on, e. g. The introductory clause usually is in Past Tense.
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